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Halu Oleo Law Review

Articles

Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Halu Oleo Law Review (March)

Realizing the Existence of AI and the Dilemma in Criminal Law Reform: Based on René Descartes’

DOI
https://doi.org/10.33561/holrev.v10i1.187
Submitted
January 7, 2026
Published
2026-03-31

Abstract

This article aims to review the issue of realizing the existence of artificial intelligence (AI) and the dilemma in criminal law reform. I am of the view that realizing the existence of AI is a dilemma in criminal law reform for the future. So this article tries to explain the important role of humans in realizing the existence of AI, which can influence considerations and decision-making in making criminal law policies. The creation of criminal law is related to three basic problems: namely, criminal acts, criminal liability, and punishment. This problem is studied using conceptual approach and secondary data obtained from various literature in the fields of criminal law, Rene Descartes’ thought on ethics, and the development of artificial intelligence. The result is that currently, the existence of AI can be realized as an entity that has a body without a soul (spirit). Such existence presents a dilemma in criminal law reform, the relationship between AI and the concept of criminal acts, criminal liability, and punishment.

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